Many Iranian economists believe that producer price index (PPI) inflation lead consumer price index (CPI) inflation. Based on this hypothesis, increasing (decreasing) in PPI inflation is a signal for future increasing (decreasing) in CPI inflation. Using CPI and PPI sub components, this paper tests the abovementioned hypothesis.359 sub components of consumer basket and 751 sub components of producer basket during 1383 to 1392 are information used in calculations. The results show that PPI inflation does not lead CPI inflation, but by eliminating the common sub components between CPI and PPI from PPI components and reconstructing PPI, we see that reconstructed PPI inflation can lead CPI inflation both in long and short run.

This paper looks studies the price change transmission mechanism from producer price index to consumer price index using Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model. We use the monthly data on the PPI, WPI, and CPI for the period 1990:4 to 2005:3. The Results from impulse response function suggest that a positive shock in PPI makes the WPI and CPI to rise immediately and it lasts for more than 12 months. Moreover, a positive shock in WPI makes CPI to rise but in less than 6 months it becomes statistically insignificant in less than 6 months. Moreover, the Variance decomposition of CPI suggests that PPI is the most influential factor in CPI changes, The variance decomposition of WPI also suggests that PPI is a significant factor in WPI changes.

This study aims to examine the impact of oil price variations on the consumer price index (CPI) in Saudi Arabia by employing the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The model estimation revealed a nonlinear relationship between the price of oil and the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The long-term estimates' findings indicate a significant impact of oil price variations on the Consumer Price Index (CPI) over an extended period. The research reveals that a partial escalation in oil prices leads to a decrease in the Consumer Price Index (CPI). Likewise, a reduction in oil prices leads to a corresponding decline in the Consumer Price Index (CPI). Based on the findings of the asymmetric impact, it can be observed that long-term variations in global prices, both positive and negative, have implications for the Consumer Price Index (CPI). Specifically, an upward movement in international oil prices is associated with a downward movement in the CPI, whereas a downward movement in oil prices is associated with an upward movement in the CPI.

One of the major macroeconomic objectives of the governments is to control the inflation rate. High inflation and its associate destructive impacts on public welfare are concerned by social and economic policymakers. Consequently, they aim to control the inflation rate. Inflation within health sector is attributed to various factors including aging population, insurance problems such as imperfect coverage and maladministration, lower productivity of production factors mainly medical staff and equipments, technological variation in delivering medical services, population growth and the lack of symmetric information among the suppliers and the demanders of health services.The findings of this study show that the resulting inflation rate for health sector is relatively higher than the overall CPI inflation in Iran. To achieve a better understanding of inflation process in the Iranian health sector, in addition to the above factors, other issues should be considered. They include the effects of technological development, the existence of a verity of formal and informal fees in private sector, the role of non governmental Organizations (NGO) in setting medical and paramedical fees.

During financial stress, the impact of financial stress shocks on economic activity may be different from what is usually observed at normal times. Therefore, it is appropriate to examine how the effects of the strategic impact on economic activity are investigated during the period of financial instability. In this paper, considering the above discussion, the effect of the deteriorating financial conditions of the Iranian economy and its impact on macroeconomic variables during the years1391 to 1396 has been investigated. For this purpose, in this research, we intend to study the impact of fluctuations of financial stress index fluctuations on consumer price index, producer price index and consumer price index by constructing financial stress index using representatives of different markets. Therefore, using the GARCH two-variable BEKK model and also the VAR model, the effects of shock and fluctuations between them were tested and then the relationship between them was investigated by Granger's causality test. The results indicate that there is a two-way relationship between the financial stress index with the consumer index in the short run, but in the study of the causality relationship between the financial stress index and the price index producing the causality tests and var indicate that the relationship They do not exist between them, but the results of the garch test indicate a meaningful relationship between these two indices.

In this paper the new model of Locally Stationary Wavelet (LSW) processes is introduced which is based on reconstruction of functions using wavelets. This model creates a new class of time series that can have a non-stationary behavior. It is observed that, LSW model has a construction similar to moving average model. Finally time series data for Consumer Price Index (CPI) of the country (Iran) in a definite time interval is investigated using this model.

the price of consumer goods changes and leads to inflation in these goods. Iran's economy is experiencing high inflation and rising exchange rates, so research in this area is necessary. This study investigates for the first time the exchange rate volatility spillover to the components of the consumer index for the period 1390.2 to 1400.8 using the Diebold- Yilmaz volatility spillover index and complex network theory. In this study, the components of the consumer price index include education, furniture and appliances, clothing and footwear, transportation, tobacco, food and beverage, communications, leisure and culture, hotel and restaurant, miscellaneous goods and services, and dollars. According to the research results, the sender currency of volatility and consumer index components including, education, furniture and home appliances, clothing and footwear, transportation, tobacco, food and beverage, communications, entertainment and culture, hotel and restaurant, miscellaneous goods and services They are volatility. In this study, volatility spillover networks are divided into the period before the approval of JCPOA and the period of JCPOA and are compared with each other. According to the results obtained in the volatility spillover network during the period of JCPOA approval, the weighted out degree exchange rate in the volatility spillover network has decreased,

Due to the high costs of collecting the quarterize or seasonal statistical information and the need of econometricians for Modeleny and short analysis, the National Statistical Institutes decided to obtain quarterize time series as indirect methods of the short-term dynamics of the annual data.In this article, two alternative approaches based on related indicators and pure mathematics has been introduced and then after temporal disaggregation of government oil revenues, consumer price index and liquidity, the approaches compared to each other.The empirical results indicated that Boot, Feibes and Lisman methods deliverd the better results for two series (government oil revenues and consumer price index), whereas Chow and Lin approach is more approprate for liquidity, based on MSE and r2 criteria.Also this paper shows that the best choice approach for temporal disaggregation of economic time series is not always possible.

The purpose of this study is to find an accurate estimate of the exchange rate-CPI relationship in Iran over the past three decades. The results of the Granger causality test in the frequency domain demonstrate a strong causation from the exchange rate to CPI especially in the long run. The results of the wavelet analysis show that in the currency crisis periods, the exchange rate-CPI correlation rises not only for the long run (low frequencies) but for the short run (high frequencies). According to the results of the state-space model, the exchange rate pass-through jumps in the currency crisis periods, consistent with the results obtained via the wavelet analysis.

Volatility in energy prices is important for both producers and traders. High volatility would also lead to increased demand for storage and thus, to an increase in spot prices and convenience yield. Therefore understanding changes in volatility can help explain changes in other economic variables (Pindyck, 2004b). To accurately measure volatility, it is very important to understand the relationship between energy prices and different goods and services prices, their price determinants, and the underlying factors behind their price fluctuations. Subsidy Reform Plan of energy is one of the most important sections of economic reform plan which led to change in subsidy payment process in Iran. Based on this plan, government transfer payments for energy that was being done to hold down production costs and thus indirectly control the market price are removed and instead, domestic sale prices of gasoline, gas oil, fuel oil, kerosene and LPG and other oil derivatives, considering the quality of carriers and the associated costs (including transportation, distribution, taxes and legal duties) has been determined such that gradually by the end the fifth five-year Economic, Social and Cultural Development of the Islamic Republic of Iran is not Less than 90 percent of the price of delivery on board (FOB) in the Persian Gulf (Feizpour and Sarkar (2015). In 2010, with the beginning of economic reform plan, energy carriers price rose drastically. Since energy is one of the main inputs of production in manufacturing sector, this sector, like other production sectors, encountered input price rise. There are some energy carriers which are in the basket of household final consumption and reforming their prices directly would change the consumer price index and part of these carriers have been used as intermediate goods for enterprises that reforming their prices effect on producers price index, and finally changes in producers price index could influence on the increase in the prices of the producing goods of enterprises. The main purpose of this study is to simultaneously estimate price volatility in energy carriers price and price index of goods and consumer. For this purpose the VAR-BEKK GARCH in two variables is used for investigating of dynamic depencencies between variables fluctuations during the period of April 2002 to March 2016. We followed a multi variable GARCH approach to examine the level of interdependence and the dynamics of volatility between enrgy prices and some goods and services prices to identify and measure volatility spillovers among these variables. This paper used the BEKK model put forward by Engle and Kroner (1995). The BEKK model is suitable to characterize volatility spillovers across markets because it is flexible enough to account for own- and cross-volatility spillovers and persistence between markets (Wu and Li, 2013). To identify more clearly how the energy price and goods and services price volatilities interact, first consider the bivariate BEKK-GARCH model and choose lag length of VAR. The lag length corresponds to the optimal number as determined by the SBIC. Then testing for return spillovers from one market to the other markets is equivalent to testing the significance covariance of GARCH model. research results show that any modification or adjustment in prices of energy carriers in addition to its direct impact on the general price level from other ways such as price index of “goods”, “transportation”, “communication”, “entertainment and culture” and “housing” lead to fluctuation and change in total index. Also the results of the spread transmission test from chosen groups on energy carriers price index suggest that the price index of the groups of “education”, “food, tobacco, beverage”, “transportation”, “goods”, “health”, “communication”, “services”, and “clothing” have had the highest transfer of fluctuation in energy carriers price index respectively.